Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine specializing in the anatomy, function, and eye diseases. Ophthalmologists specialize in the medical and surgical treatment of eye disorders, measurements for glasses, eye muscle exercises,and preventing blindness and caring for the blind. Some of the major causes of blindness in adults are cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, and opacities of the cornea. Cataract is the loss of transparency of the lens in the eye. Glaucoma occurs when the pressure inside the eye gets so high that it damages the optic nerve. In diabetic retinopathy, blood cells and serum leak out of the blood vessels and damage the retina. Retinal detachment occurs when the retina is separated from the choroid and sclera.
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